the smallest stakes are $1/$1. 5. By that I mean that blinds "eliminate" short stacks and leave the strong players. The act of calling means you put out the equal amount of chips in the pot as the previous bet. Cash game blinds remain constant, and act to entice players to enter the pot because there is already money on the table they can win. These types of poker don’t have such bets due to the absence of other mandatory bets – big and small blinds. Example 1: You have a pair of fours, 1000 chips and are sitting in the big blind (blinds 25/50). Get it as soon as Thursday, Aug 10. Only in the head-up case with two blinds is this rule broken. As its name suggests, the small blind is the smaller of the two poker blinds that must be inserted into the pot. B der Small Blind unabhängig vom Mindesteinsatz des Big Blinds und des Small Blinds, z. When the small blind bet lands on an empty seat, the small blind bet would be nullified for that hand. Blind: Small Blind and Big Blind are the minimum bets before cards are dealt. The BB is an even larger preflop payment made by the player in the BB. One way that players will abbreviate the name of this stake is by saying “2NL”. Texas Holdem is a game of skill, strategy, and calculated risks. The normal case is that each player starts the tournament with 100 big blinds. . 25/. SmartDealsPro 3pcs Small Blind, Big Blind and Dealer Plastic Poker Buttons. Betting moves clock-wise. In this situation, your opponent will have a 19. Other players want to call only. 3 Tips for Playing When You Hit the Flop with Ace-Ten Suited Tip #1: When you are out of position as the preflop raiser in a single raised pot (blind vs blind) and the board is Ten-high and connected, you should consider checking with your top pair. The blind calculator tool below can take care of that and help set up your perfect structure. Knock-out entrants, calculate re. It is typically twice the size of the big blind and acts as a third blind. The small blind acts first on the first round of betting before the flop (pre-flop). Each player posts the ante before game play can begin, or the first two players post the small blind and big blind before cards are dealt. #1. Without the blinds, a player can fold every hand but Aces, thus (in the long term) would never lose money. In most forms of poker, such as the most popular one of No-Limit Texas Hold’em, there are forced blind bets that must be put forward by the players to the immediate left of the. The “pot” is the total amount of money wagered by other Players. n Texas Hold'em, the big blind bet, otherwise known as the BB, is a full-sized bet that gets placed to start the first round of play. If a game has come down to a head-to-head, the dealer will also be the small blind. The big blind is generally twice the small blind amount. B SB:2 und BB:4 dazu entscheidet einfach mal mit 100 reinzugehen, der. One is the small blind and the other one is the big blind. A full ring game features three extra positions: Under the Gun (UTG), UTG+1, and. Making blind bets is known as posting and this is done before any cards are dealt. You also can’t check pre-flop unless you’re in the big blind and no player raised before it was your turn to act. poker has been around for a long time, as long as anyone can hope for there game and one thing that has been in most poker games for the last 60 years is that there is a big blind and a small blind instead of just an antee. In that case, the dealer posts the first ("small" blind), the other player posts the second blind, and the dealer acts next. Gameplay. What are the rules of the Texas Hold'em Poker game? There are several rules of the Texas Hold'em Poker games. The Small Blind position is between the Button and the Big Blind and is usually half of the Big Blind. 5 bb's for every SB hand you folded. will :1. 49 $ 52. Texas Hold’em and Omaha have a blind system, so ante is not obligatory and can be entered into the game at the discretion of the operator. BLINDS - There are two 'blind' players after the button (clockwise) - Small and Big Blind. As in other poker variants, the game allows several players to play against one another and uses a standard 52-card deck divided into four suits, and playing cards are ranked A (high), K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 (while allowing A to be low in a straight or straight flush). There is one small exception here and that is when two people with missed blinds are between the button and the blinds. The action then moves clockwise around the table, with the player in the big blind the last to act preflop. For example, if the big blind in a live table game is $3, then the small blind will usually be $1 or $2 since most casinos do not distribute large quantities of $0. Blind leakage is an exceptional video by James 'SplitSuit' Sweeney that covers everything you need to know about profitable blind play (both in the SB and BB) in Texas Hold'em cash games. The flow of. Every. เท็กซัส โฮลเอ็ม (Texas Hold'em , hold'em) เป็นการเล่นชนิดหนึ่งของ โป๊กเกอร์ ซึ่งเกมจะประกอบไปด้วยการ์ดสองใบสำหรับผู้เล่น. If you fold every single small blind (SB) hand, your win rate would be -50bb/100 hands or -. Poker blinds are mandatory bets that are placed into the pot before any cards are dealt. But once in a while a player may miss just one of them. Texas Hold 'em blind rules. If a player in middle position raises to 3 times the big blind and you call on the button you need 40% equity to do so. Small blind completes. Let’s say you’re in the early stage of a multitable tournament and the blinds are 25/50. While. Posted by u/ta7254805 - No votes and no commentsThis strategy might backfire if you raise by an overwhelming sum. SILVER VALLEY Texas Holdem Poker Set, 300 Piece Set in Aluminium Case with 11. Poker What are the Blinds? What are the Blinds in Poker? - Learn Poker Blinds Explained, Advantage, Tips, StrategyIn this video I walk through and explain wh. You decide to raise 2. This is intended to be a series of articles about playing on-line no limit holdem cash games. 5 out of 5 stars 79. [10]The small blind is posted by the player directly to the left of the button, while the big blind is posted by the player directly to his or her left. Number of entrants; Currency: buying in at;. Pokerstars (and not only), due to it's forward button system, it allows for players to skip blinds the next hand if one of the blinds leaves. Those first two cards are also referred to as each player’s hole cards. After the two players have posted their blinds, everyone receives two cards – only the players can see their own cards, known as hole cards. The game starts with making forced blind bets – the blinds. In a Limit game, the small blind is half the minbet (the lower of the two limits) and the big blind is double that. Let’s use an example. With two blinds, the small blind is posted by the player immediately clockwise from the button, and the big blind is posted by the player two positions clockwise from the button. The big blind is the seat to the direct left of the small blind. 1:51 PM. 2000 for Texas Hold'em ante bet. On the other hand, the extra mandatory bet is paid by every person at the table, unlike the blinds. In the traditional structure, the small blind would post 1,000 chips, you would post 2,000 chips, and every player at the table would post 200 chips making a total pot of 5,000. The effective stack is thus 700 chips (the blinds are not. During the second 2 rounds, the bets are made in $8 increments. A big blind is a mandatory bet used in poker variations that typically don't have antes, such as Texas Hold 'Em. ) The small bet is used in the earlier betting rounds. If your win rate is worse than that, you would've been. This position is called the button and it rotates clockwise after every hand. And player B is the big blind of 8,000. Very few players properly. DEALER BUTTON - This represents the 'rotating' dealer which moves after each hand. A $1/$2 No-Limit Texas Hold’em game uses a $1 small blind and a $2 big blind, for example. Depending on a variety of factors, we may want to flat with a few medium hands like maybe 66 - 88 and suited Broadway hands. Either of the following methods of button and blind placement may be designated to do this: (a) Moving button - The button always moves forward to the next player and the blinds adjust accordingly. In poker games other than heads-up the small blind is posted by the player positioned clockwise from the dealer (or nominal dealer in online poker). The player to the left of the big blind. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for LUOBAO Poker Chips Set for Texas Holdem,Blackjack, Tournaments with Aluminum Case ,2 Decks of Cards, Dealer, Small Blind, Big Blind Buttons and 5 Dice,200 Piece Chips(11. This is. The player on the button becomes the small blind and gets to act first before the flop while the big blind gets the option preflop. (So, in a $1/$2 fixed-limit game, the small bet is $2. Before the flop, in Texas hold’em and Omaha hold’em, you must either call the value of the big blind, raise, or fold. So, this player’s total contribution to the pot will be Rs. Basic Texas Hold’em Poker Rules, examples of No Limit Hold’em hands and beginner strategy advice (covering Online NLH and Live Texas Holdem). A. If you are in the small blind, the big blind and small blind, raise preflop 100 hands. + Get the Ultimate Beginner’s Guide to Texas Hold’em - FREE!According to the poker ante rules, the ante is a bet that every player in Texas Hold'em must make before any cards are given. The Small Blind, commonly termed SB, is placed one seat to the right of the Big Blind (BB). 01/$0. The one-seat player to the left of the button charges a small blind which is usually half the size of the main blind or the big blind. Use the tool below to help set up your. (in tournaments) Make sure the tournament will advance. A 3-bet is simply the third bet of a round. 02 big blind), the maximum buy-in is very commonly going to be $2. This tournament will transition from Big Blind Ante to Small Blind Ante when 4 players remain. With more than. 3rd bet = Re-raise. 57% chance of coming out on top while you. Learn and apply them while playing poker online on the GetMega app. Heads-up play marks the only form of Texas Hold’em where the small blind is “in position” against the big blind. Hold 'em secara normal dimainkan menggunakan taruhan small blind dan big blind . 2nd bet = Open-raise. Steve Badger did a good job explaining one scenario where game integrity could be. LUOBAO Poker Chips Set for Texas Holdem,Blackjack, Tournaments with Aluminum Case ,2 Decks of Cards, Dealer, Small Blind, Big Blind. The term blind is simply short for blind bet. This blinds schedule starts out slow for the first hour and should result in a poker tournament of about 4 hours. After this, the betting rounds begin. A $5/$10 table would therefore have a. + Get the Ultimate Beginner’s Guide to Texas Hold’em - FREE!The small blind is placed by the player directly to the left of the dealer (dealer button), with the big blind to the left of the small. The betting rounds start with the player on the left of the. -- If you sit here, you can either sit out the next hand, or you can "buy the button" by posting a big blind and tossing a small blind. Below is a Texas Holdem gto based chart for calling from the big blind a shove from the small blind with a 10bb, 8bb, and 6bb stack. The small1. The first thing we need to do here is calculate our own pot odds. 99. Non-Vulnerable Monsters are premium hands that almost always win: a four-of-a-kind, nut full house, nut flush, and nut. However, you're not in the big blind — here, you're in the small blind, which means the big blind can get involved, too! If you call that raise of 500, think about the decision faced by the big. The $3,000 buy-in Big Blind Antes event drew 1,020 players who battled for a chunk of the $2,754,000 prize pool. $14. Case 1: The player is on seat 6. Game integrity. ♣️ Each. All current Regis students, faculty, and staff are eligible to play. The small bet amount is equivalent to the big blind in the stake description. Nämä pelaajat asettavat aina alkupanoksen, halusivat tai eivät. 88%, or odds of 1 : 16. Blinds are the essence of poker games. In vorgegebenen Abständen verteuern sich diese Mindesteinsätze. The blinds act last on the first betting round and are “live”, which means the player is allowed to raise his own blind bet. Sorted by: 1. These are the positions at a nine-handed table:Texas holdem rules blinds . For example, if the blinds are 6/3 (the big blind and small blind respectively, I'll get to that in a second) then you must put down 6 chips to participate in the hand and the smallest raise you can make is 6. As a result, some players have adopted a “3bet only” strategy from the SB. Um indicador do carteador é usado para representar o jogador na. Blinds are the essence of poker games. Fixed-Limit Poker. Calling From The BB. Poker dealers for hire johannesburg. 10 big blind, . ”The rule basically goes like this. Each player is dealt two personal cards, and then five community cards are turned up on the board. Texas Hold’em Poker Rules This is a short guide for beginners on playing the popular poker variant No Limit Texas Hold’em. This is when the dealer distributes two face down cards to each player. The next person in order posts what is known as the “big blind”. In Texas Holdem Poker, blinds are a forced bet placed by the poker player positioned two seats to the dealer button or the dealer's left. 5 Gram) 2. Kedua pemain harus memasukkan jumlah uang yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya ke dalam. 5bb, meaning we would need to have equity of approximately (6bb / (6bb + 13. The big blind from the second player to receive cards to the left of the dealer. 5 Gram) at Amazon. There are three types of blinds in Texas Hold'em poker: the small blind, the big blind, and; the ante. Action: Acts second to last preflop, only the BB acts afterwards. Regardless of the cards he's holding, he must place the first bet in pre-flop betting rounds, usually half of what the big blind must bet; we'll get to the big blind in a minute. ‘Blinds’ are preliminary bets made by two players before cards are dealt. There are mainly two blinds in Texas Holdem – the big and small blind, but there can sometimes be three players who have to make them. There are 2 blinds in Texas holdem-the small blind and the big blind. 1. Preflop Mistake #1: Limping. 5 percent increase to your stack. 02 micro stakes game online (note the coventional notation here for the writing of the $0. Thomas Saminadin: K♦5♥ Goran Mandic: Q♠J♥. GSE Small Blind, Big Blind, Dealer Puck Buttons - Set of 3 Professional Casino Texas Hold‘em Poker Dealer Accessory. Three Blind, or 3-Blind tables are an action-packed form of Texas Hold’em. 0. Here is a brief description about big blind and big blind in Texas Holdem to give you a clear idea about how to play from this position on the GetMega app. You can't learn how to play poker without learning the rules first. Texas Holdem requires two players to place bets called blinds before dealing can begin. 2- Open seat is between current small blind and current big blind. 5 times the big blind from the hijack with an Ace of diamonds and a Queen of spades. the following exceptions; the betting structure, blind structure, buy in, and raises. The first player to the left of the button (the button is the player from whom the order of betting is counted) places the small blind – a blind bet, the sum of which is half of the big blind. Here in L. A player can take 4 actions for placing the bet in any round of Texas Hold’em poker. The small bet is always the same amount as the big blind. In those cases, the new player must post the same amount as the game’s big. Understanding the difference between. The person immediately clockwise from the dealer has the small blind, and the next player clockwise has the big blind. Keep those chips for a time when you have the best hand and want to take advantage with a re-raise or. Texas Holdem Poker Small Big Blind Dogs; Texas Holdem Poker Small Big Blind Free; What Is the Exact Order of Play? The order of play is based on how the players are seated at the table. Many limit games use a structure where the maximum raise is equal to the small bet in the early betting rounds and increases to the big bet amount. A estrutura de carteado do Texas hold 'em. Texas Holdem Small Big Blind Brackets. If the blinds are $1 and $2, the UTG player can bet up to $7. Most of the time, the SB is one-half the amount of the big blind bet. 2) We do not close the action in the SB. Main pot (which you are able to win) will be 9k (your 3k, plus 3k each from the SB and BB) and there will be a side pot between the SB and BB for an additional 2k (the amount by which they collectively exceeded your all-in) going to the flop. List of positions at a poker table. GET ₹3000 BONUS, Use Code: NEW400. Is a Single Big Chip Considered a Raise or a Call?The landscape for American online Limit Texas Hold'em is a bit sparse, but there are still poker rooms that offer this venerable variant. The dealer (button) deals the small blind. Bet Sizing: The RFI ranges assume a 2. If the big blind was $1000, then it is said that the blinds are 500 and 1000. Meaning there are unique hole card combinations that are a pair. So a $2/$4 Limit Hold'em game has a small blind of $1 and a big blind of $2. As a rule, a maximum of 10 players play at one table. 1/2/3 ($1 posted on the button, $2 small blind, $3 big blind) 2/3/5; 5/10 blinds; 10/20; 20/40; The interior of the poker area of Bay 101. Of course, we all know the power of AA, KK and QQ, but JJ-TT are also premium hands. He missed only the big blind. Quick Links. After the flop, the first person to act is the player seated in the Small Blind. There are 13 ranks, and you can have any combination of each as your hole cards: 13 x 13 = 169. The problem with the small blind and the big blind is that you are going to have to act first every single time you see a flop. SLOWPLAY Nash 14 Gram Clay Poker Chips Set for Texas Hold’em, 300 PCS/500PCS, Blank Chips/ Numbered Chips. The positions 3. Download our FREE ultimate Texas Hold’em Poker cheat sheet PDF. A big blind is a mandatory bet used in poker variations that typically don't have antes, such as Texas Hold 'Em. Either of the following methods of button and blind placement may be designated to do this: (a) Moving button - The button always moves forward to the next player and the blinds adjust. The player in a small blind position is the first individual to act during the first betting round. In contrast, the early positions, such as the small blind and big blind, are considered less favorable. In order to win chips, a Player must win individual hands and take the pot. For chips: leave the 10s, and go (per player) 20x 1. If there are three players in a game and the big blind is $10, the player to the left of the dealer, Player 1, would have to contribute $5 for the small blind. Brent Gregory limped on the button and called when Ronnie Day raised to 775,000 in the big blind. This is shown in the case of a 6 handed game below: The blinds are an important part of the rules of poker. In that case, the dealer may pull out a variation of the “missed. The small blind who has only $1. We need to call 1,600 chips to play for a total pot of 8,640 chips. Check: Similar to a call but no money is bet. Why do we. Blindit kiertävät jakajan mukana pöydän ympäri. Jika tidak ada kenaikan dalam pot dan blind besar adalah $ 10. In fixed-limit poker, the size of each bet is fixed in advance. SebuahThere are 169 different starting hands you can be dealt in Hold'em. In Stock. The Small Blind is the smaller of two forced “bets” in Hold’em and Omaha. Just don't get crazy - keep your goal in mind. View REGULAR-POKER-TOURNAMENT-2021. Further blinds may be collected from other new players wanting their first hand, or players returning from sitting out. (small blind: $1, big blind: $2) I have 10 big blinds in my stack. Usually, you must put this bet into the pot before a game begins. The small blind acts first on the first round of betting before the flop (pre-flop). Open limping is when a player just calls the big blind pre-flop, and is the first player to enter the pot. Since the minimum bet is size of the big blind, you can bet any amount over this. It's always clockwise. Usually, you must put this bet into the pot before a game begins. See moreIn Texas Hold’em two players – the Big Blind and the Small Blind – are required to place bets (known as blinds) in the pot (the amount of money to be won in. Frequently, it is introduced at the final stages of major tournaments in order to encourage. The small blind and big blind are located to the left of the button. To play "normal" poker, you need to find a $1/$3 table or larger. 30 min levels = 5-6 hours. Y Texas Hold'em Poker Set - 300 Piece Set in Aluminium Case with 11. In a "$1/$2" Texas hold'em game, the small blind is $1 and the big blind is $2. Learn the ins and outs of big blind poker strategy. . Every player is required to post their blinds when it is their turn to do so. The other is the big blind, which is played by the player two seats to the left of the dealer. When only two players remain, special 'head-to-head' or 'heads up' rules are enforced and the blinds are posted differently. Call: Call is made just to match the amount of highest bet on the table for the ongoing round. To calculate a blind structure, you need the starting blind level, the estimated total value of the tournament chips in play (initial buy-ins plus rebuys and add-ons) and the desired length of the tournament. Original: Drm0hr. The original under the gun player places a blind raise of $10 before the cards are dealt. I take you through a live demonstration of how most poker tables use small blinds and big blinds. Nach jeder Spielrunde wandern die beiden Blinds und der Dealerbutton im Uhrzeigersinn einen Spieler weiter. Big Blind Bet In Texas Hold Em Poker n Texas Hold'em, the big blind bet, otherwise known as the BB, is a full-sized bet that gets placed to start the first round of play. In $15-30, the small blind is $7, and in $5-10, the small blind is $2. To choose the first dealer, each player picks a face-down card from the deck and the one with the highest value card is the dealer. A simple and straightforward explanation of who is a small blind in heads-up poker – a person who has the dealer button is the small blind. This money is put into a place in the center of the table that is called the "pot". If you’re playing online, a game of Texas Hold’em should generally play out like this: Two players put in the big and small blinds. This gets repeated every hand. This is a pretty simple tip, which doesn’t require anything beyond memorizing two ranges: your small blind opening range, and your big blind versus small blind defending range. A typical T1000 blinds schedule for a No-limit Texas Hold'em poker tournament is shown to the right. In the first round, the player two seats to the left of the dealer button plays the big blind, while the player to the immediate left of the dealer plays the small blind. Hold 'em é normalmente jogado usando small blinds e big blinds. There are typically 6 seat names in poker. This way is not that difficult once it is grasped. If the small blind is 5 and the big blind is 10 chips, then each player would start with 1000. ”. Those first two cards are also referred to as each player’s hole cards. Sebuah dealer button digunakan untuk mewakili pemain yang dalam posisi dealer ; dealer button berputar searah jarum jam setelah selesai satu putaran permainan, untuk mengubah posisi dealer dan blind . Poker blinds help drive the action forward and prevent players from simply folding until they are dealt premium cards. 99 $ 49. The big blind is placed by the second. SMALL: It’s called “small” to differentiate it from the “big blind” . Place the burn card face down on top of. Beim Poker gibt es ja den Small Blind und den Big Blind. The big blind is equal to the minimum bet and the small blind is typically half that amount. For example, in a $2/$4 Limit game the small blind is $1 and the big blind is $2. Here are the key differences between the Big Blind and the Small Blind: 1) Big Blind puts more money into the middle of the table. 7 out of 5 stars 10Amazon. 2. The dealer (button) deals the small blind. If you’re playing online, a game of Texas Hold’em should generally play out like this: Two players put in the big and small blinds. Other players can choose to match the big blind or fold. 4. เท็กซัส โฮลเอ็ม (Texas Hold'em , hold'em) เป็นการเล่นชนิดหนึ่งของ โป๊กเกอร์ ซึ่งเกมจะประกอบไปด้วยการ์ดสองใบสำหรับผู้เล่น. Two players in a game of Texas Hold ‘Em put money in the pot without seeing their cards, which is why they are called blinds. Texas hold’em play follows that of other forms of poker, with some notable exceptions. In Omaha hold’em, you receive four cards instead of two like the texas hold’em. Dalam skenario ini, big blind akan melihat kegagalan gratis. The big blind is usually equal to the smallest size bet, and the small blind is half the big blind. The Small Blind is the position directly to the left of the button. If only two players are to be dealt in, the button takes the small blind and the other player pays the big blind. Erklärung von Texas Hold´em Poker, lesen Sie hier die ausführliche Beschreibung was ein Big Blind, ein Small Blind und ein Dealerbutton ist. Rake on all the smaller games (below 5/10 no-limit) is $5 for 7+ players, $3 for 6 players, and $1 for 5 or fewer. Here's an example: You're in seat five of a nine-handed $4-$8 limit hold 'em cash game and the dealer button reaches seat three. Texas Hold’em, Omaha, 5-Card Draw, and many other poker variation card games all use small blinds and big blinds. Omaha Hold’em: Omaha Hold’em is quite similar to that of Texas Hold’em with only a few changes in rules. small blind. Let us learn the main rules of Texas Hold'em. Without the blinds, a player can fold every hand but Aces, thus (in the long term) would never lose money. In this case betting would end, both players would reveal their cards and the dealer would play the deck until all 5 cards have been played and a winner has been determined. Or fastest delivery Thu, Oct 19 . As you learn how to play Texas Holdem poker, you'll see games marked as things like $1/$2 games. This is similar to if the big blind did a raise on the pre flop as the small blind would still need to match the difference. What are the rules of the Texas Hold'em Poker game? There are several rules of the Texas Hold'em Poker games. Remake: Hazmat2. For an in-depth discussion on how the Big Blind works regarding stakes levels and stack depths, check out this article containing poker blinds charts. In Texas Holdem Poker, blinds are a forced bet placed by the poker player positioned two seats to the dealer button or the dealer's left. Spieler 1 hält 9 9 8 8 Spieler 2 hält A A Q Q Spieler 3 ist Dealer (Geber) und hält 7 7 7 7 Spieler 4 ist Small Blind, muss vor dem Spiel €1 legen und hält 2 2 8 8 Spieler 5 ist Big Blind, muss vor dem Spiel €2 legen und hält Q Q 8 8. This is when the dealer distributes two face down cards to each player. Beispiel für eine Texas Hold'em Hand Gespielt wird mit Blinds von €1 / €2 und alle Spieler haben €200 vor sich. Tip #1: Play a wide range of hands preflop. In Texas Hold’em two players – the Big Blind and the Small Blind – are required to place bets (known as blinds) in the pot (the amount of money to be won in any single completed hand) before any cards are dealt. It is paid by the player two seats to the left of the dealer or the dealer button. In games that follow the significant blind ante rules, the ante bet is only paid by the person in the big blind position. Ted must act first, being the first. Now, there are different setups to achieve that, like big and small blinds, two big blinds, blinds. When a player in the blinds leaves the game. 1:51 PM. 12x 25. The big blind is equivalent to a small bet. At a casino, when you first sit down at a Hold’em table, the rules vary as to whether you have to post blinds (even if you’re out of the. These games are referred to as “$1-$2 holdem. Playing from the blinds requires a bit of a different mindset than other positions, so you'll want to brush up. The name comes from the fact that players are being asked to bet without seeing their hands. The word "blind" is used to define the stage in a poker hand when the final bet decision is made. Step 2: After the ante, each player is dealt the. Check: This is done to continue the game further without placing any bet. Quote from Wikipedia.